The general meaning of Āgama (Agama) is śāstra (sastra; scriptures), at least as it appears in the ślokas (sloka; verses) in Śāntiparva(Santiparva) of Mahābhārata (Mahabharata). These ślokas maintain that scholars all know that nobody has seen svarga (the heaven) or naraka (the hell). So those who work according to the thought of the other world, […]

Gautama, an aphorist of the Nyāya (Nyaya) philosophy, is also known as Akṣapāda (Akshapada). Vātsyāyana (Vatsayana), a renowned scholar of the Nyāya philosophy, Udyotakara, the author of Nyāyavārtika (Nyayavartika), and Jayantabhatta, the unparalleled author-poet of Nyāyamaṅjarī (Nyayamanjari) have all identified Akṣapāda as the author of Nyāyasūtra (Nyayasutra). But that Akṣapāda is actually none other than the sage […]